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<p>The header <code>&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> defines macros and declares functions that support complex number arithmetic. Complex values are values of type <code>double complex</code>, <code>float complex</code>, <code>long double complex</code>, 
</p>
<p>If the macro constant <code>__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__</code><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span> is defined by the compiler, in addition to the complex types, the imaginary types are also supported: <code>double imaginary</code>, <code>float imaginary</code>, and <code>long double imaginary</code>. When a value of imaginary type is converted to a value of complex type, the resulting complex type has its real component set to zero. When a value of complex type is converted to a value of imaginary type, the real component is discarded.
</p>
<p>Standard arithmetic operators <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">+</span>, <span class="sy2">-</span>, <span class="sy2">*</span>, <span class="sy2">/</span></span></span> can be used with real, complex, and imaginary types in any combination.
</p>
<p>If the macro constant <code>__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__</code><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span> is defined by the compiler, the header <code>&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> and all of the names listed here are not provided.
</p>
<p>If <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="co2">#pragma STDC CX_LIMITED_RANGE on</span></span></span> is used, complex multiplication, division, and absolute value may use simplified mathematical formulas, despite the possibility of intermediate overflow.
</p>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code>&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> </div>
</td>
</tr>

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<div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="complex.html%23Types"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Types</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="complex.html%23The_imaginary_constant"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">The imaginary constant</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="complex.html%23Manipulation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Manipulation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="complex.html%23Exponential_functions"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Exponential functions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="complex.html%23Power_functions"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Power functions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="complex.html%23Trigonometric_functions"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Trigonometric functions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="complex.html%23Hyperbolic_functions"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Hyperbolic functions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="complex.html%23Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="complex.html%23Example"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="complex.html%23See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Types">  Types </span>
</h5>
</td>
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<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/imaginary.html" title="c/numeric/complex/imaginary"> <span class="t-lines"><span>imaginary</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   imaginary type macro   <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/complex.html" title="c/numeric/complex/complex"> <span class="t-lines"><span>complex</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   complex type macro  <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span> 
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_imaginary_constant">  The imaginary constant </span>
</h5>
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/Imaginary_I.html" title="c/numeric/complex/Imaginary I"> <span class="t-lines"><span>Imaginary_I</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   the imaginary unit constant i <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/Complex_I.html" title="c/numeric/complex/Complex I"> <span class="t-lines"><span>Complex_I</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   the complex unit constant i <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/I.html" title="c/numeric/complex/I"> <span class="t-lines"><span>I</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   the complex or imaginary unit constant i <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span> 
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Manipulation">  Manipulation </span>
</h5>
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/CMPLX.html" title="c/numeric/complex/CMPLX"> <span class="t-lines"><span>CMPLX</span><span>CMPLXF</span><span>CMPLXL</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   constructs a complex number from real and imaginary parts  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/creal.html" title="c/numeric/complex/creal"> <span class="t-lines"><span>creal</span><span>crealf</span><span>creall</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the real part of a complex number  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/cimag.html" title="c/numeric/complex/cimag"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cimag</span><span>cimagf</span><span>cimagl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the imaginary part a complex number  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/cabs.html" title="c/numeric/complex/cabs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cabs</span><span>cabsf</span><span>cabsl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the magnitude of a complex number  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/carg.html" title="c/numeric/complex/carg"> <span class="t-lines"><span>carg</span><span>cargf</span><span>cargl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the phase angle of a complex number  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/conj.html" title="c/numeric/complex/conj"> <span class="t-lines"><span>conj</span><span>conjf</span><span>conjl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex conjugate  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/cproj.html" title="c/numeric/complex/cproj"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cproj</span><span>cprojf</span><span>cprojl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the projection on Riemann sphere  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Exponential_functions">  Exponential functions </span>
</h5>
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/cexp.html" title="c/numeric/complex/cexp"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cexp</span><span>cexpf</span><span>cexpl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex base-e exponential <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/clog.html" title="c/numeric/complex/clog"> <span class="t-lines"><span>clog</span><span>clogf</span><span>clogl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex natural logarithm <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Power_functions">  Power functions </span>
</h5>
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/cpow.html" title="c/numeric/complex/cpow"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cpow</span><span>cpowf</span><span>cpowl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex power function  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/csqrt.html" title="c/numeric/complex/csqrt"> <span class="t-lines"><span>csqrt</span><span>csqrtf</span><span>csqrtl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex square root  <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Trigonometric_functions">  Trigonometric functions </span>
</h5>
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/csin.html" title="c/numeric/complex/csin"> <span class="t-lines"><span>csin</span><span>csinf</span><span>csinl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex sine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/ccos.html" title="c/numeric/complex/ccos"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ccos</span><span>ccosf</span><span>ccosl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex cosine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/ctan.html" title="c/numeric/complex/ctan"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ctan</span><span>ctanf</span><span>ctanl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex tangent <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/casin.html" title="c/numeric/complex/casin"> <span class="t-lines"><span>casin</span><span>casinf</span><span>casinl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex arc sine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/cacos.html" title="c/numeric/complex/cacos"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cacos</span><span>cacosf</span><span>cacosl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex arc cosine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/catan.html" title="c/numeric/complex/catan"> <span class="t-lines"><span>catan</span><span>catanf</span><span>catanl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex arc tangent <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Hyperbolic_functions">  Hyperbolic functions </span>
</h5>
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/csinh.html" title="c/numeric/complex/csinh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>csinh</span><span>csinhf</span><span>csinhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex hyperbolic sine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/ccosh.html" title="c/numeric/complex/ccosh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ccosh</span><span>ccoshf</span><span>ccoshl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex hyperbolic cosine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/ctanh.html" title="c/numeric/complex/ctanh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ctanh</span><span>ctanhf</span><span>ctanhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex hyperbolic tangent <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/casinh.html" title="c/numeric/complex/casinh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>casinh</span><span>casinhf</span><span>casinhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex arc hyperbolic sine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/cacosh.html" title="c/numeric/complex/cacosh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cacosh</span><span>cacoshf</span><span>cacoshl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex arc hyperbolic cosine <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="complex/catanh.html" title="c/numeric/complex/catanh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>catanh</span><span>catanhf</span><span>catanhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>   computes the complex arc hyperbolic tangent <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> 
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span>
</h3>
<p>Although the C standard names the inverse hyperbolics with "complex arc hyperbolic sine" etc., the inverse functions of the hyperbolic functions are the area functions. Their argument is the area of a hyperbolic sector, not an arc. The correct names are "complex inverse hyperbolic sine" etc. Some authors use "complex area hyperbolic sine" etc.
</p>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span>
</h3>
<div class="t-example">
<div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;complex.h&gt;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="co2">#ifdef __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__</span>
           <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"_STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ defined<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="co2">#else</span>
           <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"_STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ not defined<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="co2">#endif</span>
    <span class="co2">#ifdef __STDC_NO_COMPLEX__</span>
           <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__ defined<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="co2">#else</span>
           <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__ not defined<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="co2">#endif</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%2zu<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="kw4">sizeof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">float</span> <a href="complex/complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>           <span class="coMULTI">/*  8 */</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%2zu<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="kw4">sizeof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="complex/complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>          <span class="coMULTI">/* 16 */</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%2zu<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="kw4">sizeof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="complex/complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>     <span class="coMULTI">/* implementation-defined */</span>
 
    <span class="coMULTI">/* Two macros represent the imaginary unit “i”: */</span>
    <span class="coMULTI">/*      _Complex_I                              */</span>
    <span class="coMULTI">/*      I                                       */</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%.1f%+.1fi<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <a href="complex/creal.html"><span class="kw754">creal</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>_Complex_I<span class="br0">)</span>,<a href="complex/cimag.html"><span class="kw751">cimag</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>_Complex_I<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%.1f%+.1fi<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <a href="complex/creal.html"><span class="kw754">creal</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="complex/I.html"><span class="kw747">I</span></a><span class="br0">)</span>,<a href="complex/cimag.html"><span class="kw751">cimag</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="complex/I.html"><span class="kw747">I</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <span class="coMULTI">/* The central property of the imaginary unit:  i*i is -1. */</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%.1f%+.1fi<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <a href="complex/creal.html"><span class="kw754">creal</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span>_Complex_I<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span>_Complex_I<span class="br0">)</span>,
                           <a href="complex/cimag.html"><span class="kw751">cimag</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span>_Complex_I<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span>_Complex_I<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%.1f%+.1fi<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <a href="complex/creal.html"><span class="kw754">creal</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span><a href="complex/I.html"><span class="kw747">I</span></a><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span><a href="complex/I.html"><span class="kw747">I</span></a><span class="br0">)</span>,<a href="complex/cimag.html"><span class="kw751">cimag</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span><a href="complex/I.html"><span class="kw747">I</span></a><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="nu16">1.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span><a href="complex/I.html"><span class="kw747">I</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <span class="coMULTI">/* Use the macros to define complex constants. */</span>
    <span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="complex/complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a> z1 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu16">1.0</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu16">2.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span><a href="complex/I.html"><span class="kw747">I</span></a><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="complex/complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a> z2 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu16">2.0</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu16">4.0</span><span class="sy2">*</span>_Complex_I<span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <span class="coMULTI">/* Sum and print. */</span>
    <span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="complex/complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a> z3 <span class="sy1">=</span> z1<span class="sy2">+</span>z2<span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%.1f%+.1fi<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <a href="complex/creal.html"><span class="kw754">creal</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>z3<span class="br0">)</span>,<a href="complex/cimag.html"><span class="kw751">cimag</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>z3<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <span class="coMULTI">/* When the macro named "I" conflicts in an application, */</span>
    <span class="coMULTI">/* define a new macro named "J" or "j".                  */</span>
    <span class="co2">#undef I</span>
    <span class="co2">#define J _Complex_I</span>
    z1 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu16">1.5</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu16">2.5</span><span class="sy2">*</span>J<span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Possible output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">_STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__ defined
__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__ not defined
 
 8
16
32
0.0+1.0i
0.0+1.0i
-1.0+0.0i
-1.0+0.0i
3.0+6.0i</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span>
</h3>
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<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td colspan="2"> <div class="t-dsc-see">
<span><a href="../../cpp/numeric/complex.html" title="cpp/numeric/complex">C++ documentation</a></span> for <span class="t-dsc-see-tt"><span>Complex number arithmetic</span></span>
</div>
</td>
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